1863 Five Civil War Engravings - Battle of Bristoe Station, VA - Wilmington, NC

Description

Five original engravings, four relating to the Battle of Bristoe Station - see below - published in the Harper's Weekly magazine dated November 7, 1863 and entitled as follows:
"The Army Of
The Potomac - General Warren Repelling Heth's Attack At Bristoe Station - Hazard's Rhode Island Battery In The Foreground" - Sketches by A.R. Waud - see Bio below - Double-page size 22 x 16 inches
"Burning the Rappahannock Railway Bridge, October 13, 1863"
"Straggling Soldiers Crossing the Rappahannock Above The Burned Bridge"
"Works Thrown Up Near The Railroad Bridge Over The Rappahannock" - half page
"Rebel Batteries at New Inlet , Wilmington, North Carolina as seen from The United States Steam Sloop "Iroquois""
Good condition - minor stains to borders - see scans. Related and unrelated text to the reverse.
These are original antique prints and not reproductions . Great collectors item for the historian - see more of these in Seller's Other Items
which can be combined for mailing.
Note: International mailing in a tube is expensive. The international mailing charge quoted assumes the pages are lightly folded and sent in a reinforced envelope.
Battle of Bristoe Station
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Battle of Bristoe Station
Part of the
American Civil War
Date
October 14, 1863
Location
Prince William County, Virginia
38.7234°N 77.5418°W
Coordinates
:
38.7234°N 77.5418°W
Result
Union
victory
Belligerents
United States
Confederate States
Commanders and leaders
Gouverneur K. Warren
A. P. Hill
Units involved
II Corps
,
Army of the Potomac
Third Corps, Army of Northern Virginia
Strength
8,383
[1]
17,218
[1]
Casualties and losses
540
[2]
1,380
[2]
hide
v
t
e
Bristoe campaign
1st Auburn
2nd Auburn
Bristoe Station
Buckland Mills
2nd Rappahannock Station
The
Battle of Bristoe Station
was fought on October 14, 1863, at
Bristoe Station
,
Virginia
, between
Union
forces under
Maj. Gen.
Gouverneur K. Warren
and
Confederate
forces under
Lt. Gen.
A. P. Hill
during the
Bristoe Campaign
of the
American Civil War
. The Union
II Corps
under Warren was able to surprise and repel the Confederate attack by Hill on the Union rearguard, resulting in a Union victory.
Contents
1
Background
2
Battle
3
Aftermath
4
Battlefield preservation
5
Notes
6
References
7
Further reading
8
External links
Background
[
edit
]
Bristoe Campaign
Confederate
Union
The Union army was led by Maj. Gen.
George G. Meade
, the Confederates by General
Robert E. Lee
. Lee had stolen a march, passing around Cedar Mountain, the site of a
battle in 1862
. This forced Meade to retreat toward
Centreville
.
[3]
By withdrawing, Meade prevented Lee from falling on an exposed flank of the
Army of the Potomac
. Maj. Gen.
Gouverneur K. Warren
, commanding
II Corps
in Maj. Gen.
Winfield S. Hancock
's absence, was following
V Corps
on this retreat. On October 13, II Corps fought an encounter with Maj. Gen.
J. E. B. Stuart
's cavalry near Auburn, Virginia, the
First Battle of Auburn
, nicknamed "Coffee Hill" (Confederate shells interrupted Federals who were boiling coffee). Warren had to push Stuart aside and, at the same time, retreat before the advance of the Confederate corps of
Lt. Gen.
Richard S. Ewell
.
[4]
On October 14, as Warren moved toward Bristoe Station, Stuart's cavalry harassed the rear guard at the
Second Battle of Auburn
.
Lt. Gen.
A. P. Hill
, leading the Confederate
Third Corps
, was advancing on Ewell's left. He reached Bristoe Station on October 14. (The town is variously called Bristoe, Bristow, and Bristo in contemporary newspapers.) Hill tried to harass the rearguard of
V Corps
just across Broad Run, but he missed the presence of II Corps just coming up from Auburn.
[5]
Seeing Heth's advance, Warren rapidly deployed his forces behind an embankment of the
Orange and Alexandria Railroad
near Bristoe Station. The result was a powerful ambush as Hill's corps moved to attack the Union rear guard across Broad Run.
[6]
Battle
[
edit
]
Map of Bristoe Station Battlefield core and study areas by the
American Battlefield Protection Program
Maj. Gen.
Henry Heth
's division moved to attack V Corps, but it was redirected to attack II Corps. Union artillery, including the battery of Capt.
R. Bruce Ricketts
, opened fire on the Confederates; and infantry fire soon was added.
[7]
Despite this, Heth's men briefly secured a foothold in the lines of Col. James E. Mallon in the second division under Brig. Gen.
Alexander S. Webb
. The Confederates were driven back, and five guns of a Confederate battery were captured in a Federal counterattack. Col. Mallon was killed in the fighting. The Confederate division of Maj. Gen.
Richard H. Anderson
attacked the lines of Brig. Gen.
Alexander Hays
's division and was also repelled. Brig. Gen.
Carnot Posey
was mortally wounded in that attack. Two of Heth's brigade commanders,
William Whedbee Kirkland
and
John Rogers Cooke
, were badly wounded.
[8]
Aftermath
[
edit
]
Park at the site of the battle
Union casualties were 540, Confederate about 1,380.
[2]
Warren, seeing Lt. Gen.
Richard S. Ewell
's Second Corps coming up on his left, eventually had to withdraw.
[9]
Lee is said to have cut off Hill's excuses for this defeat by saying, "Well, well, general, bury these poor men and let us say no more about it."
[10]
The Union forces won the battle, but they had to retreat to
Centreville, Virginia
, before standing their ground. When they pulled back, starting on October 18, the Confederates destroyed much of the
Orange and Alexandria Railroad
. Meade had to rebuild the railroad when he reoccupied the area around Bristoe Station. Warren won such reputation as a corps commander that he was given V Corps as a regular assignment after Hancock returned to the Army of the Potomac in 1864.
[11]
Battlefield preservation
[
edit
]
The
Civil War Trust
(a division of the
American Battlefield Trust
) and its partners have acquired and preserved 168 acres (0.68 km
2
) of the battlefield.
[12]
Alfred Waud
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Alfred Waud photographed in 1863 by
Timothy H. O'Sullivan
sitting in
Devil's Den
after the
Battle of Gettysburg
.
Alfred Rudolph Waud
(wōd) (October 2, 1828 – April 6, 1891) was an American artist and illustrator, born in
London
,
England
. He is most notable for the sketches he made as an artist correspondent during the
American Civil War
.
Contents
1
Early life
2
Civil War years
3
Post Civil War work
4
Collections
5
Notes
6
References
7
External links
Early life
[
edit
]
Waud was christened Alfred Robert Waud but used Rhudolph as a middle name while living in America. He was the eldest son of Alfred Waud Sr., born London 1796. Waud's mother was Mary (née) Fitz-John, born 1806 in Lougher, near Swansea, South Wales. Waud had four siblings: Mary Pricilla, born 1829, William born 1831, Julia, born 1834, and Josephine, born 1840; the last two sisters were both spinsters, but Mary Pricilla married Augustus Cory Scoles in London in 1862. Waud sailed from London aboard the sailing ship
Hendrik Hudson
in 1850 for New York. His brother William followed in 1855 aboard the sailing ship
Hermann
, also for New York. Waud was naturalized as an American citizen on January 10, 1870. He married Mary Gertrude Jewell from New York circa 1855 or 1856. They lived in Orange, New Jersey, where they raised their family.
Before immigration, Alfred Waud had entered the Government School of Design at Somerset House, London, with the intention of becoming a marine painter. This did not come to fruition, but as a student, he also worked as a painter of theatrical scenery. He intended to pursue that work in the United States, when he immigrated in 1850, seeking employment with actor and playwright
John Brougham
. In the 1850s, he worked variously as an illustrator for a Boston periodical, the
Carpet-Bag
, and provided illustrations for books such as
Hunter's Panoramic Guide from Niagara to Quebec
(1857).
Civil War years
[
edit
]
"Kennesaw's Bombardment, 64", sketch of the
Battle of Kennesaw Mountain
, scanned from the original and digitally restored.
The period during the American Civil War was a time when all images in a publication had to be hand drawn and engraved by skilled artists. Photography existed but there was no way to transfer a photograph to a printing plate since this was well before the advent of the
halftone
process for printing photographs. Photographic equipment was too cumbersome and exposure times were too slow to be used on the battlefield. An artist such as Waud would do detailed sketches in the field, which were then rushed by courier back to the main office of the newspaper they were working for. There a staff of engravers would use the sketches to create engravings on blocks of boxwood. Since the blocks were about 4 inches across they would have to be composited together to make one large illustration. The wood engraving was then copied via the
electrotype
process which produced a metal printing plate for publication.
[1]
In 1860, Alfred Waud became an illustrator or "
special artist
" (a full-time paid staff artist) for the
New York Illustrated News
. In April 1861, the newspaper assigned Waud to cover the
Army of the Potomac
,
Virginia
's main
Union army
. He first illustrated General
Winfield Scott
in
Washington, D.C.
, and then entered the field to render the
First Battle of Bull Run
in July. Waud followed a Union expedition to
Cape Hatteras
,
North Carolina
the next month and witnessed the
Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries
. That autumn, he sketched army activity in the
Tidewater region of Virginia
. Waud joined
Harper's Weekly
toward the end of 1861, continuing to cover the war. In 1864 Alfred's brother,
William Waud
(who up to that time had been working with "
Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper
"), joined Alfred on the staff of
Harper's
and they worked together during the
Petersburg Campaign
.
Photo print on mount of Alfred Waud titled:
Alfred Waud, full-length portrait, seated, holding a pencil and pad, facing left
in 1863 during his time employed by "Harper's Weekly." Shot by photographer Alexander Gardner in Washington D.C.
Alfred Waud attended every battle of the Army of the Potomac between the
First Battle of Bull Run
in 1861 and the
Siege of Petersburg
in 1865. Alfred was one of only two artists present at the
Battle of Gettysburg
. His depiction of
Pickett's Charge
is thought to be the only visual account by an eyewitness.
Post Civil War work
[
edit
]
Waud continued to be a prolific illustrator, doing numerous illustrations for
Harper's Weekly
and other prominent publications, achieving his greatest fame in his post-War work.
Waud died in 1891 in
Marietta, Georgia
, while touring battlefields of the South.
Collections
[
edit
]
Library of Congress